#SPSS CODE FOR NOT EQUAL TO HOW TO#
So let’s begin with vectors and how to access different elements, and then extend those concepts to dataframes. A data frame or data matrix is simply a collection of vectors combined together. When analyzing data, we often want to partition the data so that we are only working with selected columns or rows. Selecting data using indices and sequences colnames(): returns the column names in the dataset.rownames(): returns the row names in the dataset.ncol(): returns the number of columns in the dataset.nrow(): returns the number of rows in the dataset.dim(): returns dimensions of the dataset.length(): returns the number of elements in the vector or factor.tail(): will print the end entries for the variable.head(): will print the beginning entries for the variable.summary(): detailed display, including descriptive statistics, frequencies.character, numeric, etc.) of vectors and data structure of dataframes, matrices, and lists.
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str(): compact display of data contents (env.).Here is a non-exhaustive list ofįunctions to get a sense of the content/structure of data. We already saw how the functions head() and str() can be useful to check theĬontent and the structure of a ame. You can also get this information from the “Environment” tab in RStudio. Īs you can see, the columns genotype and celltype are of the factor class, whereas the replicate column has been interpreted as integer data type. $ celltype : Factor w / 2 levels "typeA", "typeB" : 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2. of 3 variables : $ genotype : Factor w / 2 levels "KO", "Wt" : 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1. Check the arguments for the function to get an idea of the function options: Let’s bring in the metadata file using the read.csv function. When working with genomic data, we often have a metadata file containing information on each sample in our dataset. However, if the data are separated by a different delimiter in a text file, we could use the generic read.table function and specify the delimiter as an argument in the function. Data typeįor example, if we have text file separated by commas (comma-separated values), we could use the function read.csv. The table below lists functions that can be used to import data from common file formats. text, Stata, SPSS, SAS, Excel, etc.) and how the data in that file are separated, or delimited. The function in R we use will depend on the type of data file we are bringing in (e.g. Regardless of the specific analysis in R we are performing, we usually need to bring data in for the analysis. Demonstrate how to subset data from data structures.Construct data structures to store external data in R.
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Data subsetting with base R: vectors and factors | Introduction to R - ARCHIVED Introduction to R - ARCHIVED View on GitHubĪpproximate time: 60 min Learning Objectives